Glossary

ADP	Adenosine Diphosphate, this is a product of the Calvin cycle that is used in the light-dependent reactions.
Autotrophs	These are photosynthetic organisms which convert light energy into the chemical energy they need to develop, grow, and reproduce.
Calvin Cycle	Set of chemical reactions of photosynthesis that does not necessarily require light. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)	This is a gas naturally found in the atmosphere that is a reactant involved in the Calvin Cycle.
Carbon fixation	ATP and NADPH are used to fix CO2 into carbohydrates. Carbon fixation takes place in the chloroplast stroma.
Chlorophyll	Chlorophyll is a primary pigment used in photosynthesis. Plants contain two main forms of chlorophyll: a & b. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color and certain other autotrophs.
Chloroplast	These are the tiny structures in plant cells where photosynthesis happens. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Glucose	The chemical equation for this is (C6H12O6). Glucose is sugar that is the product of photosynthesis.
Light	Light supplies the energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis. This is electromagnetic radiation; the shorter the wavelength the greater amount of energy.
Light (Dependent) Reactions	Chemical reactions requiring electromagnetic energy (light) that occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast to convert light energy into chemical forms ATP and NAPDH.
Light (Independent) Reactions	Light independent reactions involve the Calvin Cycle which does not necessarily require light, as it takes place in the stroma.
Oxidation	This is the process of the loss of electrons.
Oxygen	A gas that is a product of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis	The process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Photosystem	A cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules that harvest the energy of light for photosynthesis.
Pigment	A coloured molecule. A pigment absorbs specific wavelengths of light. Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light and reflects green light, so it appears green.
Reduction	The gain of electrons.
Stomata	Small openings that allow plants to exchange the necessary gases for cellular processes, such as Photosynthesis.
Stroma	This is the fluid part of the chloroplast which contains the enzymes controlling carbon fixation reactions.
Sunlight	This provides the light energy needed in the process of Photosynthesis.

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